When we apply Jiwamrita to the soil, we add 500 crore micro-organisms to the
soil. All these are beneficial effective microbes. Our soil is saturated
with all the nutrients. But these are in the non-available form to the roots
of the plants. These micro-organisms convert these non-available form
nutrients into available form, when we add Jiwamrita to the soil. These
micro-organisms available all the nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphate, Potash,
Iron, Sulphur, Calcium etc) to the roots of the plant. After applying
Jiwamrita to the soil, the local earthworms start their work. These
earthworms bring the nutrients from 15 feet deeper soil to the upper surface
and get available to the roots. How the trees from the forest get all these
nutrients? These local earthworms and other insects do this work.
These uncountable micro-organisms, insects and earthworms work only when
they have a favorable definite microclimate i.e. 25 to 32 °C temperature, 65
to 72 % moisture and darkness, warmth and deception in the soil. When we
much mulch the soil, this microclimate is created automatically.
There are three types of Mulching -
A. Soil Mulching.
B. Straw Mulching.
C. Live Mulching.
A. Soil Mulching (Cultivation)
There are three purposes of the cultivation.
To circulate the air in the soil, to stop the raindrops to flow and
to conserve them in the soil and to control the weeds. Because, the
oxygen is essential to the roots and micro-organisms in the soil.
Conserved rain water storage is essential for the growth of the
crops and the stoppage of the rainwater flow to restrict the topsoil
erosion. Weeds are to be controlled to stop the competition of the
weeds with the crops for water vapour and sunlight. Not for food.
Because mother soil is ‘Annapurna’. In the nature, there is no any
competition for food in between any two plants. If, it is the truth
that, the aeration and soil moisture is essential for the roots and
soil micro-organisms, then, the cultivation should be practiced in
that soil layer, in which, these feeding roots and micro-organisms
are active. In which layer these roots and soil biota are active?
They are active in the top most 4.5 to 6 inch (10 to 15 cm) topsoil
layer. So, the cultivation of the soil should be practiced in only
this 10 to 15 cm layer. Bellow this layer, there are stock roots,
not feeding roots! Air and moisture is essential for only feeding
roots, not for stock roots.
B. Straw Mulching (Cultivation)
In Hemanta Ritu, the
seeds become matured. At the same time, the leaves start to mature
totally. The green leaves now start to change in pale yellow and
then whitish yellow colour. During this colour changing process, the
tap roots and secondary godown roots lift up the four nutrients i.e.
nitrogen, phosphate, potash and magnesium from the yellowish leaves
and deposit them in to their godown (Godown roots). But, rest of the
nutrients remains in the leaves. Why the roots lift these nutrients
from the leaves and deposit in the godown roots? There is reason.
Please, understand one thing, that nature never does any thing
without purpose and preplan. Nature wants to supply these four
prominent nutrients to the ratoons in next generation by this
uplifting and depositing in the godown roots. This cover of dried
straw biomass of the previous plants or crops is called straw
mulching.
By this straw mulching cover, the nature has achieved so many
targets. First, the seeds are covered by this straw mulching to save
from birds, insects and animals. Second, the microclimate is created
to activate the micro-organisms and local earthworms. Third, the
favorable condition is created to decompose the godown roots and to
prepare the humas stock in the soil for future new crop generation
as a reserve bank. Fourth, the soil moisture is conserved in the
soil and transpiration of soil moisture is restricted for the
continuous soil micro-organisms utilization. Fifth, the humas
saturated soil particles and soil biota in the upper most 10 cm
layer of soil surface are saved from the severe heat waves of
sunlight in Grishma Ritu (summer), from cold winds in Winter Ritu
and from heavy stormy rain drops of pre-mansoon and mansoon
raindrops; which spring forward with the dreary demon speed of 7
meter (30 feet) per second on the soil!
C. Live Mulching (Symbiotic Intercrops &
Mixed Crops)
Live mulching means
that intercrops and mixed crops, which give the symbiosis to the
host main crop. In the nature there is a symbiosis. All vegetation
is a whole family and each member plant is dependent to other plant.
In forest, you will see that, there is a five-layer system. Big
tree, medium tree, bush, grasses and layer of fallen dried leaves on
the surface of land. All five layers are dependent upon each other.
Grasses are growing in the shadow of bush or shrub. Shrubs are
growing in the shadow of medium tree. Medium tree is growing in the
shadow of big tree. All are living. If they are living without any
family disputes, without any debates, it is the symptom of
symbiosis.
Nature has managed all vegetation family members in two groups.
Those like shadow and those do not like shadow. The grass family
monocot crops like paddy, wheat, Juar, sugarcane, Bajra, Ragi,
Maize, millets and monocot grasses do not like shadow. They like
full sunlight. They can grow in highest intensity of sunlight also.
But, spices crops do not like straight sunlight. They want shadow or
low intensity of sunlight. Some fruit trees like Grapes,
Pomegranate, Orange group, Banana, Sapota, Mango, Areca nut, Betel
nut, Cardamom, Nutmeg, Clove tree, Coffee and other do not like full
sunlight. They live and grow in low intensity of sunlight.
The mixed crop pattern of Monocot in Dicot & Dicot in Monocot helps
to supply the essential elements to the crops. The Dicot supplies
Nitrogen by means of nitrogen fixing bacteria & Monocot supplies
other elements like Potash, Phosphate, Sulphur etc.
